One is an inactivated killed vaccine gotten as a shot, and the other is live, attenuated weakened vaccine which is taken orally by mouth. Routine typhoid vaccination is not recommended in the United States, but typhoid vaccine is recommended for:.
Anyone who has had a severe reaction to a previous dose of this vaccine should not get another dose. A vaccine, like any medicine, could possibly cause serious problems, such as severe allergic reactions. The risk of a vaccine causing serious harm, or death, is extremely small. Serious problems from either of the two typhoid vaccines are very rare.
Typhoid vaccine What You Need to Know 1. What is typhoid? Typhoid typhoid fever is a serious disease. It is caused by bacteria called Salmonella Typhi. Some people who get typhoid become "carriers", who can spread the disease to others. Typhoid vaccine can prevent typhoid. Typhoid vaccines There are two vaccines to prevent typhoid. Who should get typhoid vaccine and when? Routine typhoid vaccination is not recommended in the United States, but typhoid vaccine is recommended for: Travelers to parts of the world where typhoid is common.
People in close contact with a typhoid carrier. Laboratory workers who work with Salmonella Typhi bacteria. It is taken orally by mouth. Note, though, that Vivotif may not be available to you—at least for now. Its manufacturer temporarily stopped manufacturing this vaccine in December due to low demand caused by the COVID pandemic. Neither of the two vaccines is inherently "better" than the other in terms of efficacy. Both offer only partial protection against typhoid fever.
But there are some differences that may make one better or more appealing to you than another. If you have a fever or an acute gastrointestinal issue, be sure to postpone Vivotif. This is because it can be difficult to distinguish symptoms you're experiencing because you are sick from side effects of the vaccine. The live vaccine can be used after the illness resolves.
Neither animal nor human studies have not been conducted to assess the safety of Typhim Vi or Vivotif during pregnancy. With that said, the benefits of the vaccines may outweigh the potential risks. Speak with your healthcare provider if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning to get pregnant to make a fully informed choice about typhoid vaccination. There are certain people in whom typhoid vaccines may cause harm and need to be avoided. Typhim Vi and Vivotif are both contraindicated for use in people who have a history of a severe allergy to any components of the vaccines.
In immunocompromised people, the weakened viruses used in live vaccines have the potential to revert and cause the very diseases they are meant to prevent. This includes people with HIV , organ transplant recipients , people undergoing chemotherapy , and children with primary immunodeficiency PID. As a live vaccine, Vivotif may conceivably pose these health risks, although this has not been specifically established.
Nevertheless, and as a precaution, Vivotif is not used in people with immunodeficiency. Typhim Vi comes as either as a single-use prefilled syringe or a multi-dose vial.
Vivotif comes as a blister pack of pink-and-white capsules. The recommended dosage of typhoid vaccines varies by the vaccine type and age. Revaccination is recommended for international travelers who frequent endemic regions. Typhim Vi is administered by a healthcare professional. The injection is given either to the deltoid muscle of the shoulder or the upper part of the outer thigh anterolateral thigh.
Vivotif is prescribed and taken at home. It should be taken with a cold or lukewarm drink one hour before eating. Failing to follow these dietary instructions can undermine Vivotif's effectiveness.
Vivotif capsules should not be stored at room temperature. Refrigerate them at temperatures between Do not freeze the vaccine. To ensure ample protection, the injection should be given at least two weeks prior to departure to an endemic region. If you are using the oral vaccine, the series should be completed at least one week before travel to an endemic region.
Side effects can occur with both Typhim Vi and Vivotif, although most tend to be mild and resolve on their without treatment. Side effects are a bit more common with Typhim Vi, affecting as many as one in six users. The following are the most common side effects for each vaccine with data on the percentage of recipients affected by them:.
Malaise , a general feeling of discomfort Severe reactions—including the potentially life-threatening whole-body allergy known as anaphylaxis —are rare with typhoid vaccines. A review of studies in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology reported no cases of anaphylaxis out of , doses of typhoid vaccine administered. Certain drugs and treatments can interact with Typhim and Vivotif. These include immunosuppressants that blunt the overall immune response and may temper the production of defensive antibodies.
Such drugs include:. Vivotif can also interact with anti-malaria drugs like Aralen chloroquine and Larium mefloquine , both of which can impair the effectiveness of the vaccine.
The interaction appears to be mild, but inform your healthcare provider if you are taking or planning to take anti-malaria drugs before starting Vivotif. This vaccine may be in limited supply or unavailable.
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