Adverse Reactions. Neuro-, hepatic, and renal toxicity suggestive of acute tubular necrosis ATN : In a year-old man who consumed large quantities of tribulus extract for its antiurolithiatic properties. Priapism: In a year-old Caucasian man, for 72 hours, followed by consumption of tribulus.
The patient underwent a cavernoglandular shunt Ebbehoj shunt , which had negative post-episode outcomes on sexual function Herb-Drug Interactions. Diruetics : Tribulus may increase the effects of other diuretic drugs 7. Antihypertensive drugs : Tribulus has angiotensin converting enzyme ACE -inhibition activity and therefore, may have an additional hypotensive effect 2 3.
Antidiabetics : Tribulus may have additive hypoglycemic effects 8. Clopidogrel : May increase the risk of blood clots. Stent thrombosis has been reported in patients following concurrent use of clopidogrel and an herbal formula containing tribulus P-glycoprotein P-gp substrate drugs : In vitro, saponins and phenolic compounds from Tribulus terrestris has been shown to inhibit P-gp activity.
This may increase the risks of adverse effect of substrate drugs Herb Lab Interactions. Significant elevations in serum aminotransferases and creatinine 47 , and mildly elevated alkaline phosphatase as well as aspartate and alanine aminotransferases 27 have been reported. The analgesic effect of Tribulus terrestris extract and comparison of gastric ulcerogenicity of the extract with indomethacine in animal experiments.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. Jan ; Life Sci. Oct 24 ;73 23 Antihypertensive and vasodilator effects of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Tribulus terrestris in rats.
J Ethnopharmacol. Apr 6 ; 3 Evaluation of natural products on inhibition of inducible cyclooxygenase COX-2 and nitric oxide synthase iNOS in cultured mouse macrophage cells. Nov ;83 Effect of aqueous extract of Tribulus terrestris on oxalate-induced oxidative stress in rats.
Indian J Nephrol. Jul ;21 3 The protective effect of Tribulus terrestris in diabetes. Nov ; Tribulus terrestris : preliminary study of its diuretic and contractile effects and comparison with Zea mays.
Apr ;85 Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of alcoholic extract of Tribulus alatus in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: a comparative study with T. Indian J Exp Biol. Sep ;45 9 Antibacterial and antifungal activities of different parts of Tribulus terrestris L. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. Feb ;9 2 In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of the eight steroid saponins from Tribulus terrestris L.
Biol Pharm Bull. Dec ;28 12 Screening of some saponins and phenolic components of Tribulus terrestris and Smilax excelsa as MDR modulators. In Vivo. Jul-Aug ;23 4 Aqueous extract of Tribulus terrestris Linn induces cell growth arrest and apoptosis by down-regulating NF-kappaB signaling in liver cancer cells.
Jun 14 ; 1 Effects of Tribulus terrestris on endocrine sensitive organs in male and female Wistar rats. Jan 8 ; 1 Evaluation of the aphrodisiac activity of Tribulus terrestris Linn.
J Pharmacol Pharmacother. Jan ;3 1 Saponins from Tribulus terrestris L are less toxic for normal human fibroblasts than for many cancer lines: influence on apoptosis and proliferation.
Exp Biol Med Maywood. Jan ; 1 Short term impact of Tribulus terrestris intake on doping control analysis of endogenous steroids. Forensic Sci Int. Jun 10 ; 1 :e Tribulus terrestris -induced severe nephrotoxicity in a young healthy male. Nephrol Dial Transplant. Several studies have consistently proven that regular intake of the extract increases ovulation in women who had abnormal ovulation patterns. Tribulus terrestris supplements have been an operational cure for hypertension.
Repeated research on rats shows that when aqueous extracts of the herb were administered to hypertensive rats, the blood pressure was indeed lowered. Additionally, the angiotensin converting enzyme ACE activity in the treated rats was significantly lower than the untreated rats.
Extracts from the fruit and leaves seem to have diuretic effects, which may explain the traditional use of tribulus for kidney stones and other urinary problems such as painful urination. For this reason, tribulus is also known as a water pill. Few individuals use tribulus for headache, gonorrhea, liver disease hepatitis , inflammation, coughs, chronic fatigue syndrome CFS , joint pain rheumatism , and dizziness vertigo.
It is also used as a tonic and is believed to possess mood enhancing qualities. Research conducted on animal models has confirmed that tribulus also facilitates lower blood sugar levels and hence, could be used as a medication for diabetes mellitus. Tribulus is a herb that may positively affect mood, stress, and anxiety. This can be helpful for women who juggle manifold responsibilities or tackle issues related to premenstrual syndrome PMS.
Intake of tribulus terrestris supplements for a short time is probably harmless. However, it is not recommended for pregnant and lactating women. Some common side effects are sleep disorders and irregular periods. Lab tests on animals link tribulus to problems in the development of the fetus. Tribulus supplements work well as preconception medication as they boost fertility in various ways. However, one should refrain from Tribulus after conception as it has been identified with abortion agents.
Also, men should be attentive to the possible connection between tribulus and prostate problems in the long run. Sometimes tribulus may interact with certain medications. It may intensify the effect of certain heart and blood pressure medicines, such as beta-blockers, digoxin , calcium channel blockers and diuretics.
For individuals who are undergoing diabetes treatment, tribulus might further lower blood sugar levels. For example, for a study investigating erectile dysfunction, a dose of mg taken three times daily for three months was used.
There is some evidence both research and experiential that suggests tribulus may be helpful for the management of some hormonal and sexual issues. As always, be sure to consult your doctor first to see if it's appropriate for you. Because tribulus has been purported to help improve sexual function and enhance muscle development, this is a supplement that you'll see in many health food stores and vitamin shops. The supplement is also widely sold online. Often, the herb is combined with other ingredients.
These combinations have not been tested for safety or effectiveness. You should discuss your use of tribulus with your healthcare provider to make sure that it is safe for you to use. If you choose to buy a tribulus supplement, the National Institutes of Health NIH recommends that you look for a Supplement Facts label on the product that you buy. This label will contain vital information including the amount of active ingredients per serving, and other added ingredients like fillers, binders, and flavorings.
Lastly, the organization suggests that you look for a product that contains a seal of approval from a third party organization that provides quality testing. These organizations include U. Pharmacopeia, ConsumerLab. A seal of approval from one of these organizations does not guarantee the product's safety or effectiveness but it does provide assurance that the product was properly manufactured, contains the ingredients listed on the label, and does not contain harmful levels of contaminants.
Get nutrition tips and advice to make healthy eating easier. A review on plants used for improvement of sexual performance and virility. Biomed Res Int. A systematic review on the herbal extract Tribulus terrestris and the roots of its putative aphrodisiac and performance-enhancing effect.
J Diet Suppl. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Tribulus terrestris in male sexual dysfunction-A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Published April 9, Efficacy of Tribulus Terrestris for the treatment of premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder: a randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.
Gynecol Endocrinol. SAGE Journals. Published Priapism caused by Tribulus terrestris. Unfortunately, no research is available on the effects of Tribulus terrestris in exercising women.
Summary: Tribulus terrestris does not seem to increase muscle, decrease fat or improve exercise performance more than a placebo. In addition to the potential health effects discussed already, Tribulus terrestris may have several other effects in the body:.
However, almost all of these effects have only been studied in animals or test tubes, and even then, the evidence is very limited 3. Much more research, both in animals and humans, is needed to find out whether Tribulus terrestris has these effects. Summary: Although many people speculate about the health effects of Tribulus terrestris , there is very limited support for many of these claims.
Much of the existing research has been conducted in animals or test tubes, not humans. Researchers have used a wide variety of doses to assess the effects of Tribulus terrestris. Studies investigating its potential blood sugar-lowering effect used 1, mg per day, while research examining libido enhancement used doses from —1, mg per day 4 , 5.
Other studies prescribed dosages relative to body weight. For example, several studies have used doses of 4. So, if you weighed about pounds 70 kg , you might take a dose of —1, mg per day 4.
Saponins are chemical compounds in Tribulus terrestris , and they are thought to be responsible for its health benefits. Many supplements list the dose along with the percentage of saponins, which refers to the amount of the supplement that is made up of these compounds. Importantly, a higher percentage of saponins means that a lower dose should be used, as the supplement is more concentrated. Several studies using a variety of dosages have reported minimal side effects and no safety concerns 12 , Uncommon side effects include minor stomach cramps or reflux 10 , 12 , However, a study in rats raised the concern of potential kidney damage.
Also, one case of toxicity associated with Tribulus terrestris was reported in a man who took it to prevent kidney stones 23 , Overall, the majority of studies do not show that this supplement has harmful side effects. However, it is important to consider all the potential risks and benefits. If you want to use Tribulus terrestris , make sure you discuss the appropriate dose with your healthcare provider.
Summary: Most studies have reported that Tribulus terrestris does not cause major side effects. However, stomach cramps are an occasional side effect, and limited evidence has shown a potential risk of toxicity.
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